Martabat: Jurnal Perempuan dan Anak Initial: Martabat e-ISSN: 2581-0472 P-ISSN: 2581-2076 DOI: 10.21274/martabat Publisher: PSGAD UIN Tulungagung Frequency: Biannual (June & December) Access: Open Access Editor-in-Chief: Umy Zahroh Indexing: Google Scholar • Copernicus • Europub • Sinta • Crossref • Dimensions Submit Article Martabat: Jurnal Perempuan dan Anak is a peer-reviewed journal that explores issues related to women and children. It serves as a platform for interdisciplinary academic discourse in gender equality and child welfare, covering perspectives from religion, economics, education, law, culture, and social sciences.
UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, Indonesia
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Beyond the Womb: Reconceiving Motherism as an Ethic of Rahmah in Islamic Theology
This article provides a brief discussion of the reconceptualization of ibuism. It attempts to reread the narrative of women's domestication, disguised as glorification, while restricting women's access to other spaces. Specifically, this article aims to deconstruct the meaning of ‘ibuism.’ The author, in turn, seeks to reinterpret the narrow narrative of ibuism, shifting its understanding to a paradigm of ethics of care. The method used in writing this article is a literature study, where books and journal articles that focus on discussing ibuisme, domestification, and gender roles are the main sources. Through a theological analysis approach, this research finds that the core values attached to the mother figure, particularly rahmah (compassion) and tarbiyah (nurture), are not attributes tied solely to gender or the womb. Both are universal sources of ethics. Meanwhile, the domestication of women under the guise of motherhood is a theological distortion. Conversely, co-parenting and men's involvement in the domestic sphere are ethical imperatives. Ultimately, this re-conceptualization not only aims to free women from the shackles of narrow nature but also invites men to participate fully in the ethics of care to realize a fair family and maslahah.
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Challenging Patriarchal Readings of Nusyuz: A Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah Approach to Strengthening Women’s Legal Safeguards
This study examines the reconstruction of nusyuz through the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah in response to domestic violence against women in Indonesia. The research addresses three questions: how nusyuz is defined in classical fiqh and Indonesian statutory law, which Islamic legal principles support women’s right to safety and resistance to harm, and how maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah can be operationalized to produce a more just interpretation. Employing a normative legal research method, the study is based on qualitative library research. Data were obtained from primary legal sources, including classical fiqh texts, Qur’anic exegesis of QS 4:34, and Indonesian family law regulations—particularly the Kompilasi Hukum Islam—as well as secondary sources such as peer-reviewed journal articles on domestic violence, gender justice, and Islamic legal reform. The analysis was conducted through three stages: doctrinal analysis to map prevailing definitions of nusyuz; contextual-hermeneutical analysis to relate these doctrines to Indonesian socio-legal realities and judicial practices; and maqāṣid-based evaluation using ḥifẓ al-nafs, protection of dignity, and the principle of dar’ al-mafāsid as analytical benchmarks. The findings show that classical and statutory constructions of nusyuz are often shaped by patriarchal assumptions and inadequately distinguish disobedience from self-protection. This study concludes that acts undertaken by wives to protect themselves from harm cannot be classified as nusyuz, and that marital obligations must be understood as reciprocal. By operationalizing maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah as an analytical tool, this research offers a context-sensitive and doctrinally grounded framework for strengthening women’s legal safeguards in Islamic family law.
The Politics of Power over Women’s Bodies: Japanese Imperial Hegemony and the Construction of Jugun Ianfu in the Novel Perawan Remaja dalam Cengkeraman Militer
This research article aims to understand and describe how the Japanese Imperialist hegemony over the formation of the Jugun Ianfu system is represented in the novel Perawan Remaja dalam Cengkraman Militer by Pramoedya Ananta Toer, as well as explain how the practice reflects the politics of power over women's bodies. By using qualitative methods and hermeneutic approaches in the framework of Michel Foucault's body political theory, the results of this study show that the practice of exploitation of women in the novel is not just a form of physical violence, but a manifestation of a hegemonic and veiled power system. Women's bodies are used as tools of the state through the process of dehumanization, identity removal, and silencing of voices. In the novel's narrative, the female body is no longer owned by herself, but rather is fully regulated by the military as part of the war strategy. This reflects how Imperialist power makes the body a political territory, and this novel becomes a space to expose and counter the practice of power that normalizes the oppression of women's bodies.
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The Transformation of Women in Politics: From Symbolic Representation to Substantive Roles
This article examines the evolution of the political role of women in Indonesia, particularly in South Sulawesi, from symbolic representation to substantive political power. This transformation began with the 30% quota policy for women's representation, but more profound changes occurred when political parties started implementing selection mechanisms based on capacity and meritocracy. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature analysis and case studies of female political figures in South Sulawesi, this study explores the internal dynamics of parties, social capital, and feminist leadership styles that influence women's substantive positions. The findings indicate that women can navigate patriarchal and patronage cultures through a combination of individual capacity, institutional support, and local legitimacy. Figures such as Husniah Talenrang, Andi Ina Kartika Sari, and Risfayanti Muin reflect a collaborative and empathetic leadership model that strengthens women's political influence. This study confirms the shift in women's politics from mere quantitative presence to strategic roles in decision-making. Nationally, this transformation is also reinforced by increased technocratic capacity, gender-inclusive cadre reforms, and cross-party solidarity networks that collectively promote women's politics as a transformative force for Indonesian democracy.
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Gen Z’s Response to Zakiah Daradjat’s Views on Women’s Roles in the Family
The increasing attention to family dynamics amid rising divorce rates in Indonesia underscores the need to examine the roles of women within the household. Drawing on Zakiah Daradjat’s influential work, Islam dan Peranan Wanita (1987), this study examines how Generation Z readers interpret her discourse on the roles of women as wives and mothers. This qualitative study used a reader-response approach with data from 44 purposively selected Gen Z respondents via Google Forms. Conducted in August-September 2024, responses were thematically analyzed using interpretive analysis grounded in hermeneutics, highlighting how personal experiences shaped interpretations of Zakiah Darajat’s views on women’s family roles. The findings indicate that most participants affirmed Daradjat’s views, particularly the centrality of women in fostering family well-being. However, some respondents, particularly unmarried and highly educated participants, expressed more egalitarian perspectives, emphasizing the need for shared responsibility between spouses. The emphasis on women's roles in the family is aligned with the focus of the study, without disregarding the roles of other parties in the dynamics of family life. This study offers insight into family issues that frequently result in disarray between its members, particularly between father and mother or husband and wife, from a range of viewpoints with a diversity of experiences. This study is expected to address the challenges of family life, particularly for women, who often face debates concerning their roles
Women as Breadwinners: A Butlerian Feminist Perspective on Female Agricultural Labor
This study explores the phenomenon of eleven women in Besuk Kidul Village, Besuk District, Probolinggo Regency, who have become the primary breadwinners in their families. Among agricultural laborers, this role reversal emerges from men’s limited employment opportunities, health constraints, and inability to fulfill household needs. Drawing on Judith Butler’s feminist framework, which views gender as performative, fluid, and socially constructed, the study interprets this shift as a form of resistance to traditional gender norms and an affirmation of women’s agency within patriarchal structures. Using a qualitative field research design, data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews and analyzed descriptively with reference to Butlerian concepts of gender performativity, deconstruction of gender fluidity, and female subjectivity. The findings highlight three key aspects of women’s dominance: their central role in organizing household labor, their authority in family decision-making—including daily needs, children’s education, and health care—and their independent management of household finances through savings and arisan (rotating credit associations). These results demonstrate how women in rural contexts negotiate and redefine gender roles through economic agency.
Global Policy vs. Local Reality: Resolutions Implementation and Challenges for Child Protection in Armed Conflicts
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of child protection policies implemented by UNSC permanent member states through various resolutions (including Resolutions 1612/2005 and 2764/2024) and to identify the impediments to the implementation of these resolutions that stem from the interests of UNSC permanent member states and internal institutional factors. The present study employs a qualitative methodology with an analytical approach, utilizing secondary data collected from various official documents, including UNSC Resolutions, the annual reports of the UN Secretary-General, UNICEF publications, and relevant academic journal articles. The literature review included an analysis of previous research on child protection, UNSC policy effectiveness, and implementation challenges on the ground. The study reveals that the UNSC has endeavored to address this conflict through Resolutions 1612/2005 and 2764/2024. However, the implementation of these resolutions has frequently encountered various dynamics from the UNSC's permanent members, including the rejection of external intervention, political compromise in decision-making, geopolitical factors, and constraints within the UNSC institution that can impede effectiveness. This study employs thematic analysis to address the existing gap in understanding the issue of children in armed conflict, particularly those perpetrated by the UNSC through Resolutions, and the role of UNSC Permanent Members.
Public Perceptions and Sentiments on Sexual Violence against Women by Educators and Healthcare Providers
This study investigates public responses and sentiments on social media concerning two high-profile cases of sexual violence involving authoritative figures: a Professor at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) and a Specialist Medical Education Program (PPDS) physician at Hasan Sadikin Hospital (RSHS). Employing a descriptive qualitative design and utilizing the Brand24 digital analytics tool, the research examines the dynamics of online public discourse between April and May 2025. The study seeks to elucidate how public opinion is constructed in cases of sexual violence perpetrated by individuals with structural authority, and how digital expressions of support reflect shifting societal perspectives toward victims and perpetrators. Particular attention is given to the declining prevalence of victim blaming and the emergence of greater empathy and solidarity with victims, as well as the function of social media as a platform for advocacy in confronting psychological, legal, and social barriers. The findings demonstrate a predominance of neutral sentiments (87%), alongside a notable increase in negative sentiments (11.6%), which signify public discontent with institutional responses. The study underscores the dual role of social media as both a communicative arena and a mechanism of social control that contributes to cultural transformation in the understanding of sexual violence.
Qiwamah: A Normative Qur’anic Study on the Relations of Husband, Wife, and Mother
Domestic conflict frequently emerges when two significant female figures—the mother and the wife—share a household. The root of such tension often lies in the husband’s inability to exercise effective leadership within the family. While the Qur’an presents a normative framework of leadership that can be applied domestically, its implementation remains complex. This study seeks to examine the relationship between mothers and wives through the lens of Qur’anic leadership, with a specific focus on the interpretive framework proposed by Yusuf Qardhawi’s al-Dilālah model. The analysis yielded three major findings. First, Qur’anic verses concerning devotion to parents, obligations to wives, and leadership responsibilities can be actualized flexibly and dynamically according to context. Second, devotion to mothers is obligatory; however, the authority of QS. al-‘Ankabūt [29]:8 (commanding filial piety) may, in certain circumstances, be reframed by QS. al-Nisā’ [4]:19 (commanding benevolent treatment toward wives). This insight is reinforced by psychological perspectives on motherhood. Third, while mothers retain the right to receive financial support from their children, the responsibility to provide for and care for one’s wife takes precedence as part of the husband’s greater leadership obligations.
Supervision and Performance of Early Childhood Teachers: An Analysis Across Kindergarten Accreditation Levels
This study aims to examine the effect of supervision on the performance of kindergarten teachers in Baleendah District, Bandung Regency, by taking into account the schools’ accreditation levels. The research is motivated by the issue of kindergarten teachers’ performance, which is considered suboptimal, thus requiring managerial strategies such as supervision to improve teachers’ work quality. This study employed a quantitative approach, with data collected through questionnaires and interviews with principals and teachers. The results indicate that supervision has a positive and significant effect on kindergarten teachers’ performance. Moreover, there are slight variations in the influence of supervision depending on the accreditation level. These findings highlight the crucial role of principals in conducting effective and sustainable supervision, particularly in the context of early childhood education management. It is expected that the results can serve as a reference for school principals and education managers in designing more structured and sustainable supervision programs to directly enhance the quality of kindergarten teachers’ performance.
Female Dangdut Singers and the Politics of Representation: A Critical Discourse Analysis
This study examines how language constructs power and identity in the representation of women in dangdut music, focusing on song lyrics and stage performances. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), particularly Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework, the research investigates the linguistic and semiotic elements that shape the perception of female dangdut singers. Data were collected from popular dangdut songs and live performances, analyzing lexical choices, metaphors, and visual symbols. The findings reveal that Dangdut often portrays women through a dichotomy of empowerment and objectification. Lyrics frequently depict women as seductresses, reinforcing gender stereotypes, while performances emphasize bodily expressions that shape public perception. However, some modern interpretations challenge these narratives, offering alternative representations of female agency. This study highlights the intersection of language, ideology, and cultural discourse in Dangdut, emphasizing its role in shaping social norms and gender identity. The implications of this research contribute to discussions on gender representation in popular music and media discourse in Indonesia.
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GENDER REPRESENTATION IN THE MOTIFS AND LITERARY ARTS OF ÈṢÙ
This study probes the representation of gender in the motifs and literary arts of Èṣù, a revered figure in Yorùbá culture. It argues that gender representations in human beings are equally found in Èṣù literary arts. The paper observes that gender representation in Èṣù motifs vis-a-vis its literary arts have semiotic implications in the Yorùbá worldview. It also understudies the interplay between Èṣù motifs and its orature as reflected in human life. The study employs the theoretical framework of the semiotics of Ferdinand de Saussure of 1974 and the gender of Goffman of 1977-1978 to analyze, describe, and interpret the sign portraying gender in Èṣù motifs and literary arts. Through a semiotic analysis, we uncover the symbolic meanings and gendered connotations embedded in Èṣù's iconography and literary depictions. This study reveals that Èṣù's motifs and literary arts perpetuate and challenge traditional gender roles, reflecting the complexities of Yorùbá gender dynamics. By applying Saussure's semiotic theory and Goffman's gender framework, we demonstrate how Èṣù's gender representation influences human gender structure and cultural identity. This study contributes to our understanding of gender representation in African cultural heritage, highlighting the significance of Èṣù's motifs and literary arts as a reflection of human experience.
The Dominance of Women in Structural Positions: A Gender Analysis of The Gowa Regency Education Office
This research focuses on women who dominate structural positions in the Education Office of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This study analyzes why women hold more structural positions than men at the Education Office of the Gowa Regency. I also explained how gender identification is used to place structural positions at the Education Office of the Gowa Regency. This research is qualitative and has a case study. Data was obtained through direct interviews with informants, namely the head of the Gowa Regency Education Office, the Regional Personnel Agency, and the Gowa Regent. The existing data were analyzed using triangulation analysis techniques between data obtained from interviews. The results of this study found that two factors cause the dominance of women in structural positions; the first is normative factors, including regulations related to gender mainstreaming and work experience, and the second is political factors, including the interests of the local government of Gowa Regency. This reveals that gender identification is no longer the leading indicator; positions are given based on ability and expertise, and thus, men and women have the same opportunities or access.
Fostering Children's Learning Through Effective Communicative Strategies in English Reading Comprehension: Insights from Primary Schools in Mubi North, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Reading is the cornerstone of effective learning, forming the foundation for academic success in the classroom. However, achieving meaningful learning outcomes depends heavily on the communicative strategies employed by teachers during reading instruction. This study explored the communicative strategies utilized by teachers in English reading comprehension lessons across selected primary schools in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State. Through a convenient sampling method, the study engaged seven head teachers and twenty-one teachers, employing two research instruments: a twenty-item, four-point Likert scale questionnaire and a four-item open-ended questionnaire. The findings revealed that teachers predominantly employed constructive communicative strategies to enhance reading comprehension. However, challenges such as overcrowded classrooms and external disruptions hinder optimal teaching and learning processes. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to mitigate these barriers, ensuring a more conducive environment for effective reading instruction.
Virtual Legal Culture That Hinders the Rights of Statutory Rape Victim Girls to Receive Protection and Recovery
A girl who engages in sexual intercourse with an adult man is legally considered a victim of sexual violence in the form of statutory rape, thus entitled to protection and recovery. However, in a statutory rape case involving a teacher and student in Gorontalo in September 2024, the victim's identity was widely disseminated online, complicating the protection and recovery process. This research aims to identify the virtual legal culture that undermines the rights of female victims of statutory rape to receive protection and recovery. The study employs an ethnographic method with a socio-legal approach. Data were collected through virtual observation of TikTok accounts responding to statutory rape cases in Gorontalo and analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results show a series of legal cultures that hinder the fulfillment of the rights of female statutory rape victims to enjoy protection. These include the "kepo" culture, or excessive curiosity about others' affairs, which drives the public to delve deeply into the case; the "social climbing" culture, where individuals exploit the case's popularity to boost their notoriety; and the "spill the tea" culture, or online gossiping, used as a form of social sanction against the girl, who is often wrongly perceived as the perpetrator of adultery.
Understanding Gender Justice: Asma Barlas Perspective on Women and the Qur’an
This research explores Asma Barlas perspective on gender justice in Islam, particularly in the context of Qur’anic interpretation. Barlas, through her work “Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur’an,” offers a critical hermeneutic approach to traditional interpretations that tend to be patriarchal. A descriptive-analytical qualitative approach was used to analyze Barlas works and compare them with other interpretations. Data were collected through literature review and document analysis. Thematic analysis identifies and understands the main themes in Barlas interpretations, including the principles of gender justice she proposes. The results show that Barlas rejects the patriarchal view often found in traditional commentaries and asserts that the Qur’an, when read with a just and non-patriarchal approach, supports gender equality. The research also discusses the fundamental differences between Barlas' interpretation and traditional exegesis, as well as the potential impact of her thinking on the contemporary Islamic feminist movement. Challenges and criticisms of Barlas approach are analyzed to provide a balanced view of the strengths and limitations of her methodology. This research highlights the importance of an inclusive hermeneutic approach in Qur’anic exegesis and offers a new perspective for developing a more just understanding of gender in Islam.
Morality behind Prohibition of Abortion and The Meaning of Medical Emergency As a Legal Basis for Abortion
Morality behind prohibition of abortion remains one of the most controversial issues in modern society. Proponents of abortion rights emphasize the importance of women's rights to their own bodies and the freedom for women to make decisions regarding reproductive rights. Opponents of abortion argue that the life of the fetus must be protected even during pregnancy. The party in the middle position in this debate tries to balance these two interests, namely a woman's autonomy over her body and the right to life of the fetus, so that a legal instrument is needed to limit the cases in which abortion can be legally carried out. This research aims to uncover questions about the morality of abortion in the Indonesian legal system and the meaning of medical emergencies as a basis for the legality of abortion. Abortion in Indonesia's legal system emphasizes the right to life of the fetus as a potential baby and does not fully consider social dynamics and women's autonomy over their bodies and reproduction. Medical emergencies are regulated in the 2014 Government regulations, where new implementing regulations should be issued to accommodate the provisions of the New Criminal Code and the Health Law as well as developing social dynamics.
Involvement of Women Farmers' Groups in Agricultural Extension
Abstract: Women are often subordinated in various aspects of life, including in the realm of agriculture. Women farmer groups can play an important role in learning classes, cooperation, and production units and channelling various agricultural interests. This research aims to describe the involvement of women farmer groups in agricultural extension and formulate strategies to improve the quality of agriculture in Central Tarakan District. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and SWOT. The research results show that members of women farmer groups are often involved in planning extension activities, implementation and utilization of results, while involvement in supervision is still lacking. Strategies to increase the involvement of women farmer group members include: (1) providing education and training on modern agricultural techniques and the latest innovations, (2) increasing access to business credit to increase productivity and welfare, (3) providing easy access to agricultural information through information technology and communication, (4) facilitation of non-agricultural skills training such as financial management and entrepreneurship, (5) involvement of women farmer groups in planning and implementation of extension activities, and (6) development of communication networks between groups of women farmers to exchange experiences and best practices in agriculture.
Students' Expectations and Perceptions Regarding the Policies of Sexual Violence in Islamic Boarding Schools
This research explores the effectiveness of the policy on addressing sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools through the Gender Analysis Pathway. The study employs a qualitative approach using methods such as interviews, literature analysis, and document reviews. Interviews were conducted with female students of the Women Ulama Cadre Education Program of Great Mosques of Istiqlal (PKUP-MI) Master and Doctoral Degrees from who have a background as alumni of Islamic boarding schools. Additionally, they have a focus on the study of women and children. The main document analyzed is the Ministry of Religious Affairs Regulation (PMA) Number 73 of 2022 concerning the handling and prevention of sexual violence in educational units under the Ministry of Religious Affairs. As this PMA does not yet have Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), it remains open to suggestions for effective implementation, which this research aims to accommodate. The research findings reflect the collective view of PKU-MI female students, who desire the PMA to be enforced with firmness and strict supervision. Furthermore, a bottom-up approach that takes into account the experiences of sexual violence victims is needed to activate feminist perspectives and promote the enforcement of gender-responsive policies.
Gendered Spaces: Social Conflict in Women’s Weight Training
This research aims to understand the conflicts experienced by women in fulfilling the role of a mother while striving to remain active in fitness centers. Alongside the demands of the dual role as a mother and an individual concerned about health, many women experience conflicts between family responsibilities and the desire to engage in physical activity. This study employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review. The research participants are women with experience in navigating this dual role. The findings of this research reveal various factors contributing to women's conflicts in maintaining their health and fitness. These factors include tight time demands, limited social support, feelings of guilt, and body perceptions. Additionally, the study identifies strategies used by women to overcome these conflicts, such as scheduling wisely, seeking family support, and identifying personal priorities. This research provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by women in juggling the dual role of being a mother and an active individual in fitness. The results can be utilized to develop support programs and policies that encourage women in pursuing a healthy lifestyle while fulfilling their family responsibilities
Voters' Political Preferences for Female Legislative Member Candidates in Tulungagung Regency
The number of women's representation in seats in the Tulungagung Regency Regional People's Representative Council so far is still low, only 12% in the 2019 Election and 14% in the 2024 Election, while the percentage of female legislative candidates elected in the 2024 DPR RI Election reached 22.06%. Therefore, efforts need to be made to increase the number of women's representation in the Tulungagung DPRD by looking at the political preferences of voters in Tulungagung. This research aims to determine voters' political preferences for female legislative candidates in Tulungagung Regency and their relevance to election results. This research is mixed quantitative-qualitative research, with quantitative data analysis techniques followed by qualitative data analysis. Data collection through questionnaires and documentation. The results of the research found voters' political preferences for female legislative candidates in Tulungagung, considering that female legislative candidates are trusted to channel the aspirations of women and children, organizational abilities, reciprocity, high level of education, age maturity, similarity of political parties, and candidate popularity. There is a congruence in political preferences for the majority of female legislative candidates elected in Tulungagung in the 2019 and 2024 elections.
Political Preferences, Affirmative Action, and Female Legislative Candidates
Women and the Social Resilience in Post-Conflict Areas of Lampung
Lampung Province has several areas which are allegedly conflict-prone areas that have disturbed the social life of the community and have also endangered the lives and property of the victims. In this case, women have a very crucial role, especially in creating social resilience after conflict. This research examines women's strategic role in building post-conflict social resilience in Lampung Province. This research was qualitative research with interviews, observation, and documentation as data collection techniques and source triangulation to test the validity of the data. The results of the research showed that women have a very crucial role in developing post-conflict social resilience in Lampung Province, namely the strategic role of women in the family includes active participation in improving the quality of life and the family economy, educating and instilling the values of tolerance and awareness of diversity in children and increasing insight and awareness of the role of women through participation in social and religious activities. Furthermore, the role of women in society is to support and play an active role in the implementation of social activities, increase the frequency of togetherness activities as a forum for interacting and communicating with each other in differences as well as holding and playing an active role in social activities that are neutral in nature, without being based on ethnic or religious elements. In conclusion, by optimizing the role of women, social resilience in society can be created.
Women's Roles, Social Resilience, Post-Conflict
Patterns of Child Grooming and Sexual Harassment in Online Games
The purpose of this study is to discuss patterns of child sexual abuse that occur in the online games Minecraft and Hago. The crime of child sexual abuse with the "Online Child Grooming" mode in online games is regarded as an effective method for child predators to lure potential victims. Grooming is a process in which a perpetrator approaches a person or organization gradually through communication relationships with the intent of sexually harassing them. Victims are typically children, adolescents, or adults who are at risk of becoming harassed. This study employs activity routine theory, which assesses the absence of capable guardian factors, motivated actors, and the presence of suitable targets, all of which, if they occur at the same time and place, make child grooming possible. The research was conducted descriptively and qualitatively.
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Women’s Online Driver! Flexibility and Work Environment to Job Satisfaction: Moderation Effect of General Anxiety Disorder
Online drivers are one of the alternative jobs in the informal sector. In the development of women's increasingly active roles, work flexibility and work environment are key factors that influence the job satisfaction of female drivers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between work flexibility, work environment, and job satisfaction in female drivers. In addition, this study was conducted to examine whether generalized anxiety disorder can moderate this relationship. The method used is quantitative method, using purposive sampling technique based on 99 female drivers. Data collection was done through online questionnaire distribution (Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp). The results of this study indicate that flexibility has no significant effect on job satisfaction, and the work environment has a significant effect on job satisfaction. Generalized anxiety disorder has no significant impact on job satisfaction. While as a moderating variable, generalized anxiety disorder weakens the relationship between flexibility and work environment on job satisfaction.
The Changing Role of Gender in Contemporary Muslim Families
In the modern era, gender roles in Muslim families have undergone a striking transformation, giving rise to exciting new dynamics in a society previously dominated by tradition. This study explores these changes using literature study methods through integrative and comprehensive literature analysis in collecting, evaluating, and integrating findings from previous studies that are relevant to the topic of study. The study's results stated that the change in gender roles in Muslim families today reflects social, cultural, and religious evolution. This brings balance and inclusiveness between men and women regarding family responsibilities and individual aspirations. Religious influences, especially in Islam, provide a framework that supports diverse interpretations of gender roles. Despite challenges and resistance, especially from groups that held traditional values, these changes increased family well-being, political participation, and economic growth. Greater gender equality in Muslim societies requires education, awareness, and mutual support. With commitment, these changes can lead Muslim communities towards inclusivity, gender justice, and benefits for all members.
Gender Roles, Gender Equality, Gender Justice, Muslim Families
Gender Justice: Construction of Family Guidance and Counseling by the Islamic Religious Extension Communication Forum
This paper aims to look at the construction of gender equality in family guidance and counselling. The construction of gender equality in the family aims as a preventive measure against family problems. This is a pattern and strategy to respond to various family problems caused by gender inequality, such as domestic violence. Through this problem, the Islamic Religious Extension Communication Forum (FKPAI) has a gender equality-based family guidance and counselling curriculum. In order to see the pattern and construction of gender equality in family guidance and counselling by FKPAI, this paper uses a qualitative method through a case study presented through descriptive techniques and content analysis as a data analysis method. The findings in this paper show that the pattern of guidance and counselling of FKPAI of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Tulungagung and Trenggalek Regency prioritises the approach aspect. The construction of gender equality in marriage guidance and counselling by FKPAI is based on the fact that gender equality has been able to become a preventive aspect of family problems.
Gender, Guidance, Counselling, Family, Construction.
This article explores the role and impact of the Indonesian Women Ulema Congress—Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia (KUPI) in shaping the narrative of Islamic feminism and public policy regarding gender issues in Indonesia. This movement faces challenges from both cultural (patriarchal culture) and conservative religious views that reject the narrative of Islamic feminism. Nevertheless, the two occurrences of KUPI in 2017 and 2022 demonstrate that the impact of this movement is significant. This research uses content analysis methods to assess various types of publication material, including justice gender fatwas and official publications related to KUPI. The main research question is to what extent the theological and juridical approaches KUPI used in formulating gender fatwas influence public perceptions and policies in Indonesia. This article finds that the gender justice fatwa by KUPI not only impacts the social and cultural aspects but also shapes policy decisions, particularly in areas of anti-sexual violence, forced marriage, environmental, health, and religious violence. This article enriches the academic understanding of how Islamic feminism is articulated and implemented in a context with broad cultural and religious diversity and provides new insights into the dynamics of Islamic feminism at the global level through a contemporary case study in Indonesia.
KUPI, women Islamic feminism, gender, fatwa
Standing Up Against Sexual Harassment in Film: Analyzing Resistance in Penyalin Cahaya
The film Penyalin Cahaya, which was released in 2021, garnered public attention because it tackled the issue of sexual harassment in educational institutions. Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis delves deeply into the iconic signs that depict various elements in the film. The research approach used in this study is qualitative, employing a descriptive method. The results show that the film Penyalin Cahaya portrays several signs related to cases of sexual harassment, affecting not only women but also men. Additionally, the film depicts the settlement of sexual harassment cases, where the perpetrators are often those who hold power and can describe the dominant ideological factors that still exist in society. In this film, the perpetrators of sexual harassment abuse their power and their parents' wealth to cover up their crimes and silence their victims. Consequently, the victims must fight against the unjust systems in place and seek justice for the sexual harassment they endured
The Effect of Mother’s Parenting stress on Socio-Emotional Development in Early Childhood
Parenting is one of the most important factors in the formation of social emotional development in early childhood. Often the parenting role is borne by the mother and this makes the mother vulnerable to parenting stress. Surabaya is a city with a high density, reaching 8612 people/square kilometer. Based on this, this study aims to determine the effect of parenting stress on mothers in social emotional early childhood in Surabaya City Kindergarten. In this study, the type of research used was ex-post facto, with a purposive sampling technique with a total of 100 respondents, mothers and children aged 5-6 years in Kindergarten in Surabaya City. The analytical method used in this study is a simple linear regression test. Based on the results of the hypothesis testing carried out, it was found that the results of a significance level of 0.000, which is 0.000 <0.05, which means that parenting stress on the mother and social-emotional development meets the criteria for the regression equation. The magnitude of the effect of parenting stress on this mother was tested for the coefficient of determination or R square which had a result of 0.296. This means that the parenting stress variable has an influence of 29.6% on the social-emotional development variable, while 70.4% is influenced by other factors. This means that parenting stress that occurs in mothers can affect how the social-emotional development of children in the future, therefore it is important to manage parenting stress and the school can provide support facilities for mothers and children in the social-emotional development of children and mothers.
Gerakan Islam Politik Milli Gorus dan Perempuan
This article discusses the views of Milli Gorus, an Islamic political movement from Turkey, on women, family and gender, and the position of women in the movement. The Milli Gorus Movement is the umbrella, or parent organization, of a number of Islamic parties in Turkey. A number of Islamic parties were born out of the Milli Gorus Movement. One of these Islamic parties is the AKP. Since 2002 this party has won the elections. After years of controlling the Turkish state bureaucracy, the AKP has succeeded in reorganizing the Islamic aspects of the Republic of Turkey in the face of modernity, secularism, and neoliberalism. Another aspect that needs to be studied is issue on women. After so many years of political Islam controlling Turkey, a question arise whether their perspective on women, family and gender changed. What is the Milli Gorus movement's view on the matters? To answer it, I present an overview of the emergence of the women's movement in Turkey, then discusses the views of the Milli Gorus movement regarding this matter. I assume that the views of the Milli Gorus movement remain conservative and unchanged, although in some cases they are flexible.