TRUST IN GOVERNMENT: MEASURING INDONESIAN ECONOMIC RESILIENCE FACING RECESSION ISSUE USING GROUNDED THEORY

: Several countries have experienced recessions, and there are predictions that Indonesia will be affected by the global economy in 2023. This study measures the readiness of Indonesians to face the issue of recession by looking at trust in the government in handling it. This research is a grounded theory that compiles variables and indicators using the qualitative method. These variables and indicators are then tested with quantitative methods. Qualitative data were extracted with NAWALA software with a netnography approach that analyzed 4409 samples. Qualitative data is processed using NVIVO software. Meanwhile, quantitative data were unearthed with questionnaires from 146 respondents and processed using SPSS software. The test results show that government personality, media framing, and present country condition positively and significantly affect trust in government. The novelty offered in this study is a new issue with new data analyzed with the grounded theory that other authors in Indonesia have never studied


Introduction
Year of 2023 is uncertain due to global economic conditions 1 , this condition is supplied by the existence of countries in Europe that experienced a recession at the end of 2022. 2 According to ECB data, the probability of a recession in the Eurozone and Great Britain in the next year is 80%.The issue of a recession is also spread in Indonesia quickly with the existence of electronic information media such as social media.The government and stakeholders need to measure how prepared Indonesians are to face a recession so that policies can be made to prepare for the nation's resilience.
The government and stakeholders need data to formulate policies to prepare the nation's resilience.However, there has not been much research discussing the readiness of the Indonesian nation to deal with the recession in 2023.The issue of recession is an important study because it concerns many aspects, such as trust in government. 3 address this study, Grounded theory was chosen to answer research questions.The grounded theory, which begins with qualitative studies and then continues with quantitative, makes this research a deep and widespread scope. 4Based on this study, the authors present an analysis of the resilience of the Indonesian nation in facing the issue of resilience by looking at their behavior toward trust in government.
This study uses grounded theory with stages of writing this paper are as follows.Studies are conducted qualitatively to find variables and indicators.After that, the results of discovering these variables and indicators are used for quantitative research.Grounded theory is the most appropriate method because it will get wider and deeper results.

Literature Review Economic Resilience and Behavioral Study
Economic resilience is the ability of a country or other institutions to transform economic development into a place that is safe from pressure. 5Economic resilience also means how quickly a 1 Abimanyu, Anggito."2023, Tantangan Resesi  system recovers from an external shock6 , the ability to create use of value and resources 7 , adaptive dynamic capabilities and emphasizes the dynamic processes carried out by an area to make adaptive adjustments when experiencing external shocks. 8ny factors influence this resilience, such as external shocks such as disasters 9 , level of innovation 10 , capability in dealing with economic shocks 11 , policies made by the government. 12In other words, two factors affect resilience: external conditions beyond human control and internal conditions such as the capabilities to create economic resilience.
Economic resilience is closely related to behavioral studies because the perception of empowered people is influenced by behavioral factors such as knowledge, attitudes, and others. 13The individual's knowledge will determine the individual's response in addressing an issue.Studying this behavior is important to see how capable the Indonesian people are of responding to the economic recession.

Trust in Government
Economic resilience is a multidimensional discussion because it is influenced by many factors, such as political economy, social, policy, regulation, and other factors. 14In other words, the government's role in overcoming the recession is important in building a nation's economic resilience. 15th such an important role, the public's trust in the government is one of the elements that influence the economic resilience of a nation.
Trust in government refers to one's belief in the political system and that government policies will produce the desired results. 16This study also states that trust in the government will influence individual attitudes in dealing with an incident.The discussion of trust in government is also closely related to the theory of planned behavior.
Research that measures trust in government provides many benefits, such as preventing potential adverse events and predicting reactions that will arise to mitigate them. 17This mitigation process is a study that is closely related to personality because resilience at the individual level is related to many spectrum measurements. 18In addition, individual attitudes will affect the attitudes of large groups of individuals.

Method
The research was designed with a grounded theory approach, namely research starting from generated data related to observed or reported incidents or activities.In other words, this research begins with a qualitative study to answer the research questions that have been set.Research questions in this study include questions to answer what, who, when, where, why, and how so that respondents are given detailed answers.The main question is as follows.
1. How do netizens respond to the recession issue that will also hit Indonesia?
2. What are the topics of conversation netizens discuss regarding the issue of recession in Indonesia?
3. How do netizens respond to the issue of recession in Indonesia?

What are the results of testing the factors that influence trust in government?
The data is then analyzed to build a concept, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.The concept created is then integrated into a framework for writing summary coding.At this initial stage, netnographic studies were selected by the authors.Netnography is defined as a method for understanding netizens by following social activities on the internet through technological media.In this sampling technique.Purposive sampling is a sampling technique using certain criteria.The criteria used for sample selection is that the number of viewers for the content must be more than 20,000.The reason used in using these criteria is, with so many views on social media, the media is considered to have a good reputation.Using a sampling technique, ten contents with an audience of more than 20,000 were selected.
The sample in this study was 3827 netizen comments.The data extracted and processed details of the data that became the object of this research are presented in Table I.The next step is to carry out the data mining process.The data mining process is carried out using NAWALA software.After the data extraction process, the next step is qualitative data processing using NVIVO software.From this data processing, the research's concepts, variables, and indicators can be mapped.
Tests in this quantitative study were conducted on 146 respondents selected with a purposive sample.The criteria used were Indonesian citizens over 17 years of age who knew about the 2023 recession prediction news.The instrument in this study was a questionnaire, and data acquisition was processed using SPSS software.The processed data is then analyzed so that conclusions can be drawn.Source: Authors, 2023 The results of the KMO and Bartlett Sphericity tests on 146 respondents are presented in Table 3. From this test, the KMO value was 0.861, included in the medium value category.The value of 0.861 is higher than the minimum limit of 0.5.This can be interpreted that the factor analysis is feasible to test the data.The significant value of the Bartlett test of sphericity is 0.001 because α = 0.005 > 0.000, which means that the matrix is not an identity matrix, so factor analysis can be used.With this test, the sample adequacy rate is fulfilled.

Source: Authors, 2023
From the test results shown in Table 4, no indicator has a loading value of less than 0.7, so it can be said to be valid.Reliability is measured by calculating the Cronbach alpha value.Table 4 presents the reliability test results with the results of calculating the Cronbach alpha value.From testing the three variables, the Cronbach alpha values were above all 0.7, so it can be concluded that the measuring instruments used in this study were reliable.

Results of qualitative studies
The results of qualitative data processing using NVIVO software show word trends often appearing in the comments column presented in the word cloud in Figure 1.In addition to using the word cloud, researchers use the word frequency feature for accurate results, which are presented in the appendix.The results of this test found that the words that often appear in the comments column are "Resesi" and "Indonesia.""Pemerintah", "ekonomi", "rakyat", dan "negara".a.

Figure 1 Word cloud from comments in Youtube video (Authors, 2023)
The coding results showed three kinds of netizens' responses regarding the recession issue that was rampantly intensified on social media.Authors also queries word frequency for all three categories of author data taken from 10 sampled content.The coding is done by categorizing it into three types of responses: neutral, positive, and negatively charged comments presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2
The frequency of criteria measured in three categories (Authors, 2023) The positive response of netizens is the most category for all existing videos.There are various reasons for the positive comments, and here are brief reviews.First, netizens think that Indonesian society is seen as a group with good economic resilience because of the middle class of the economy and not the lower class of society.Second, the high trust of netizens in the leaders, namely the president and the Minister of finance.This second reason dominates the comment section a lot.

. NKRI JAYA"(TV One)
There are many negative comments from netizens in the comment area.There are several things that netizens pay negative attention to, and here are the reviews.First, importing commodities abroad makes the Indonesian nation vulnerable to recession.Second, criticism of government policies, such as the finance ministry's indecisiveness against the corruption mafia, policies benefiting certain circles, lack of professionalism, tax management, and similar comments.Here are excerpts from netizens' comments from some media.The next stage in grounded theory is to conduct quantitative testing in this study.From the results of the qualitative study, several hypotheses were prepared as follows.
H1: Government personality has a positive and significant effect on trust in government.H2: Media Framing Has a Positive and Significant Effect on Trust in Government.
H3: Present Country condition has a positive and significant effect on trust in government.
From the results of coding the qualitative data, the research indicators are formed, which are presented in Table 5.

No Variable
Indicator Question items We have good leaders in dealing with the issue of recession

Smart leaders
We have smart leaders in dealing with the issue of recession.

Insightful leaders
We have leaders who are knowledgeable in dealing with the issue of recession.

Leader who has capabilities
We have leaders who can deal with the issue of a recession 2

Media Framing
The role of the buzzer Buzzers have a big role in shaping opinions in digital media

Media roles
News media has a big role in shaping opinions in digital media.

Other netizens commented
Netizen comments have a big role in shaping opinions on digital media 3 Present

Country condition Debt
Indonesia's debt is safe in the face of recession APBN Indonesia's state budget is classified as safe in the face of recession.

Vulnerable poor
The number of poor people vulnerable to recession is classified as safe in the face of recession.

Foreign dependence
The level of foreign dependence in Indonesia helped to be safe in the face of the recession.

Corruption
The  Source: Authors, 2023 Testing the R-value of 0.594, which is a correlation between the Government personality variable, then the R result of 0.648 is a correlation between the Media Framing variable, and the R-value of 0.243 is a correlation between the Present Country condition variable to Trust in Government.The correlation value is categorized as medium and positive values are shown as positive connecting directions.The correlation test results mean that the higher the value of government personality, media framing, or present country condition, the better the trust in the government.
R 2 is the percentage variation of the dependent variable described by the independent variable.
If the value of R 2 is 1, then the dependent variable is fully described by the independent variable.In hypothesis testing, an R 2 value of 0.353 was obtained by the Government personality variable, the second R 2 was obtained by 0.219 owned by the Media farming variable, and the third had an R 2 value of 0.059 owned by the present country condition variable.
The t-test is performed for two hypothesis tests.From the first hypothesis regression test, a regression coefficient of 0.594 was obtained with a calculated t-value of 8.862 with a significant value of 0.000 and a significant degree of 0.05.So it can be interpreted that Government personality affects Trust in Government.The regression coefficient is 0.468 with a calculated t-value of 6.361 with a significant value of 0.000 and a significant degree of 0.05.So it can be concluded that Media framing affects Trust in Government.The regression coefficient is 0.243 with a calculated t-value of 3.007, a significant value of 0.003 and a significant degree of 0.05.So we can conclude that the present country condition variable affects the Trust in Government variable.

Discussion
From qualitative research, it was found that the pattern of netizen discussion on social media and it was found that the discussion of the recession issue is closely related to public trust in the government.
When the state is in crisis, public trust in the government has a vital role. 19The discussion about trust in government becomes very complicated because it is influential and influenced, as used as an independent variable in this study.
Government personality is explained by several indicators such as kindness, intelligence, high insight, and capabilities possessed by the leader.The results of this study show that these indicators have a positive and significant effect on forming trust in the government.This is in line with a study that explains that the good that exists in bureaucrats will make trust in the government go up, while bad scandals will make trust in the government go down. 20e role of media is vital in today's digital era.Media framing in this study is empirically proven to have a positive and significant effect on the formation of trust in the government.In this study, media framing has several indicators, such as the role of buzzers, the role of media, and comments from other netizens.Media consumption behavior will affect government. 21In fact, it is very attached to the media framing in the current era.The public is treated to content from real creators, buzzers, and other netizens whose opinions sometimes cannot be validated.
The present country condition in this study has four indicators.These indicators are obtained from qualitative studies conducted before quantitative studies are conducted.The indicators in this variable are debt owned by Indonesia, the State Budget (APBN), missionaries who are vulnerable if exposed to Krisi, and the level of corruption in Indonesia.In this study, the present country's condition has a positive and significant effect on forming trust in the government.research is in line with an opinion in a study that states that governance aspects such as income, economic growth, control and corruption, and other aspects that are a picture of the current state condition affect trust in government. 22th variables that affect trust in the government, Indonesian citizens can support government policies and do what the government orders.This is in line with several studies that say that trust in the government will make people comply with various policies made by the government in providing solutions 23 , including in handling recessions

Conclusion
The results of qualitative research show that the readiness of Indonesian citizens is closely related to their trust in the government.From the results of coding conducted in qualitative research, three factors were found that affect the trust of Indonesian citizens in the government: government personality, media framing, and present country conditions.The suggestions proposed in this study are to maintain performance to be trusted in personality, regulate media regulations to stay healthy, and take concrete actions to maintain Indonesia's economic condition in the face of recession issues.
study, the social media technology used is YouTube.The scope of this research only explores the comments of Indonesian netizens on YouTube regarding the 2023 Global Economic Recession case.There are several steps taken in this research.The first stage in this research is to determine the sample from the population.The population in this study all comments on content with the theme of the Global Economic Recession in Indonesia in 2023.The sampling technique in this study used a purposive 16 Huan Minh Nguyen, Hung Nguyen Phuc, and Duong Thien Tam, "Travel Intention Determinants during COVID-19: The Role of Trust in Government Performance," Journal of Innovation and Knowledge 8, no. 2 (2023): 100341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100341. 17Mesay Sata Shanka and Mesay Moges Menebo, "When and How Trust in Government Leads to Compliance with COVID-19 Precautionary Measures," Journal of Business Research 139, no.October 2021 (2022): 1275-1283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.036. 18Matúš Grežo and Magdalena Adamus, "Light and Dark Core of Personality and the Adherence to COVID-19 Containment Measures: The Roles of Motivation and Trust in Government," Acta Psychologica 223 (2022).