MODEL ARBITRASE BISNIS PELAKU USAHA SWASTA DAN BUMDES DALAM PRAKTIK MONOPOLI KAPAL ANGKUTAN DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran arbitrase sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa antara pelaku usaha swasta dan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) dalam kasus monopoli izin kapal angkutan di Desa Gersik Putih, Kabupaten Sumenep, serta mengidentifikasi faktor penghambat dan pendukung efektivitas arbitrase dalam penyelesaian sengketa tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik monopoli oleh BUMDes dalam pengelolaan kapal angkutan laut menimbulkan konflik kepentingan dengan pelaku usaha lokal dan berpotensi mengganggu stabilitas ekonomi desa. Meskipun arbitrase belum diterapkan secara formal, pendekatan serupa seperti mediasi dan musyawarah telah dilakukan untuk mencapai kesepakatan bersama. Faktor pendukung efektivitas arbitrase meliputi adanya klausul arbitrase yang jelas, pemahaman hukum para pihak, serta itikad baik dan dukungan pemerintah. Sementara itu, faktor penghambatnya antara lain kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang prosedur arbitrase, lemahnya regulasi, dan belum adanya lembaga arbitrase lokal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa arbitrase berpotensi menjadi mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang efektif, cepat, dan adil di tingkat desa apabila didukung oleh peningkatan pemahaman hukum, pembentukan lembaga arbitrase lokal, dan komitmen semua pihak dalam menegakkan prinsip good governance.

Kata Kunci: Sengketa; Usaha Swasta; BUMDes; Praktik Monopoli Kapal Angkutan.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the role of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution between private business actors and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in the case of monopoly on shipping permits in Gersik Putih Village, Sumenep Regency, and to identify factors inhibiting and supporting the effectiveness of arbitration in resolving these disputes. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results show that monopolistic practices by BUMDes in managing shipping vessels create conflicts of interest with local business actors and have the potential to disrupt the village's economic stability. Although arbitration has not been formally implemented, similar approaches such as mediation and deliberation have been used to reach mutual agreements. Factors supporting the effectiveness of arbitration include the existence of a clear arbitration clause, the parties' understanding of the law, and good faith and government support. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include a lack of public understanding of arbitration procedures, weak regulations, and the absence of a local arbitration institution. This study concludes that arbitration has the potential to be an effective, fast, and fair dispute resolution mechanism at the village level if supported by increased legal understanding, the establishment of local arbitration institutions, and the commitment of all parties to uphold the principles of good governance.

Keywords: Disputes; Private Enterprises; Village-Owned Enterprises; Monopolistic Practices of Transport Ships