Keywords
tata kelola local
evaluasi kebijakan ekonomi daerah
pembangunan wilayah tertinggal
triangulasi kualitatif
How to Cite
Abstract
Abstrak: Kesenjangan pembangunan ekonomi antarwilayah di Indonesia menunjukkan perlunya evaluasi kritis terhadap instrumen perencanaan pembangunan, khususnya Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) yang digunakan sebagai indikator efisiensi investasi. Penelitian kualitatif sebelumnya lebih berfokus pada perhitungan teknis ICOR, sementara aspek sosial, budaya, dan kelembagaan yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pembangunan daerah yang masih terabaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterbatasan penggunaan ICOR sebagai alat evaluasi pembangunan regional dalam perencanaan pembangunan ekonomi di Kabupaten Kupang, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus tunggal instrumental dengan 15 informan kunci yang dipilih secara purposive, meliputi pejabat pemerintah daerah, pelaku usaha, akademisi, dan tokoh masyarakat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur, observasi partisipatif di forum musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan, dan analisis dokumen kebijakan regional. Analisis tematik menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña mengidentifikasi tiga tema utama: ketidaksesuaian indikator ICOR dengan konteks sosial-ekonomi lokal, dominasi pendekatan teknokratis dalam pengambilan keputusan pembangunan, dan keterbatasan kapasitas tata kelola lokal dalam menafsirkan indikator ekonomi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa ICOR tidak mampu menangkap kompleksitas faktor sosial, budaya, dan kelembagaan yang menentukan efektivitas pembangunan regional. Kontribusi teoretis penelitian ini adalah memperluas pemahaman ICOR dengan mengintegrasikan aspek sosial-budaya dan kelembagaan, sementara kontribusi praktis berupa kebijakan pembangunan daerah yang lebih kontekstual.
Kata Kunci: indeks capital output ratio; tata kelola local; evaluasi kebijakan ekonomi daerah; pembangunan wilayah tertinggal; triangulasi kualitatif.
Abstract: The economic development gap between regions in Indonesia highlights the need for a critical evaluation of development planning instruments, particularly the Incremental Capital Output Ratio (ICOR) used as an indicator of investment efficiency. Previous qualitative studies have focused more on the technical calculation of ICOR, while the social, cultural, and institutional aspects that influence the effectiveness of regional development have been neglected. This study aims to analyze the limitations of using ICOR as a tool for evaluating regional development in economic development planning in Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study uses a single instrumental case study design with 15 key informants selected purposively, including local government officials, business actors, academics, and community leaders. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation in development planning deliberation forums, and analysis of regional policy documents. Systematic analysis using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña identified three main themes: the incompatibility of ICOR indicators with the local socio-economic context, the dominance of a technocratic approach in development decision-making, and the limitations of local governance capacity in interpreting economic indicators. The findings show that ICOR is unable to capture the complexity of social, cultural, and institutional factors that determine the effectiveness of regional development. The theoretical contribution of this study is to broaden the understanding of ICOR by integrating socio-cultural and institutional aspects, while the practical contribution is in the form of more contextual regional development policies.
Keywords: capital output ratio index; local governance; regional economic policy evaluation; development of disadvantaged regions; qualitative triangulation.
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