“ARTICULATING TAKFIR: Ayman Al-Zawahiri and The Global Jihad Ideology”. Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 16, no. 02 (March 29, 2022): 167–187. Accessed February 4, 2026. https://ejournal.uinsatu.ac.id/index.php/epis/article/view/5396.