SOCIAL CAPITAL OF TRADITIONAL MARKET TRADERS BEHIND MODERN RETAIL EXPANSION AND ITS RELEVANCE TO ISLAMIC CULTURE
Abstract
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk modal sosial dan peranan modal sosial pada pedagang di Pasar tradisional. Penelitian ini dikaji berdasarkan teori Modal Sosial oleh Robert David Putnam dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial telah dimiliki oleh para pedagang di Pasar tradisional terbentuk pada level mikro dan meso. Pada level mikro, modal sosial bonding nampak pada hubungan pedagang yang saling berinteraksi dengan sesama pedagang dan pelanggan. Pada level meso, modal sosial bridging nampak secara horizontal para pedagang yang memiliki hubungan interaksi dengan pedagang di pasar lainnya atau distibutor, sedangkan secara vertikal hubungan interaksi pedagang terjadi dengan pengelola pasar atau pemerintah. Peran modal sosial sangat penting. Adanya nilai dan norma menumbuhkan trust sehingga terbentuklah sikap rasa percaya, sikap saling menghargai, saling membantu, serta saling memberi dukungan meski keadaan fisik dan ekonomi sedang melemah. Modal sosial memberikan dampak terkait kuatnya kebersamaan dan sikap saling tolong menolong pada komunitas pedagang di pasar tradisional yang relevan dengan kultur budaya islami. Hubungan interaksi yang menyatu dengan nilai budaya serta adanya sikap saling percaya yang tercermin pada pemberian hutang, menjadi salah satu faktor yang memperkuat eksitensi pasar tradisional di tengah gempuran ritel modern. Hal tersebut menjadi fenomena khas dari pasar tradisional yang tidak dimiliki oleh ritel modern.
Kata kunci: modal sosial, pasar tradisional, ritel modern, budaya islam
Abstract: This study was studied using descriptive qualitative methods based on the Social Capital theory by Robert David Putnam. The findings indicate that the social capital already owned by traders in traditional markets is formed at the micro and mezzo levels. At the micro level, bonding social capital appears in the relationship of traders who interact with fellow traders and customers. At the meso level, bridging social capital appears horizontally by traders who have interaction relationships with traders in other markets or distributors. In contrast, vertically, traders interact with market managers or the government. The role of social capital is vital. The existence of values and norms fosters trust so that an attitude of trust, mutual respect, mutual assistance, and mutual support is formed even though physical and economic conditions are weakening. Social capital impacts the strength of togetherness and mutual aid in the trading community in traditional markets relevant to Islamic culture. The interaction relationship that is integrated with cultural values as well as the attitude of mutual trust which is reflected in the provision of debt, is one of the factors that strengthen the existence of the traditional market in the onslaught of modern retail. This is a typical phenomenon of traditional markets not owned by modern retailers.
Keywords: social capital, traditional market, modern market, Islamic culture
Downloads
References
Agusyanto, R. (2014). Jaringan Sosial dalam Organisasi. Rajawali Pres.
Aliyah, I. (2020). Pasar Tradisional: Kebertahanan Pasar Dalam Konstelasi Kota. Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Andika, R., Sindi Pratiwi, Aswatun Anisa, & Salsabilah Aisyah Putri. (2020). Dampak Covid-19 terhadap pendapatan pedagang mikro pada pasar tradisional." 1.1 (). Al-Sharf: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 1, 16–22.
Asshiddiqie, J. (2011). Perihal Undang-Undang. Rajawali Pres.
Chaniago, H., Mulyawan, I., Suhaeni, T., & Jumiyani, R. (2019). Faktor kunci keberhasilan ritel modern di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi, Ekonomi Dan Manajemen Bisnis, 7(2), 201–208.
Chou, Y. K. (2006). Three simple models of social capital and economic growth. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(5), 889–912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.053
Dakhoir, A. (2018). Eksistensi Usaha Kecil Menengah dan Pasar Tradisional dalam Kebijakan Pengembangan Pasar Modern. Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Masyarakat, 14(1), 31–41.
EDWARDS, B., & FOLEY, M. W. (1998). Civil Society and Social Capital Beyond Putnam. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(1), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764298042001010
Efendi, M. N., & Prasetiyo, L. (2022). Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu Dalam Peningkatan Potensi Pasar Rakyat di Kota Madiun. Muslim Heritage, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.21154/muslimheritage.v7i1.3926
Febrianty, D. (2013). Model of role strengthening of the traditional market based on social capital in Indonesia: Study case Beringharjo Market, Jogjakarta. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(5), 115–125.
Ferricha, D., & Fauzan, H. (2020). How The Policy And Empowerment Of Traditional Markets In Indonesia? 9(04), 4.
Fukuyama, F. (1999). Social capital and Civil Society, The Institute of Public Policy, George Mason University. October 1.
Goddard, R. D., Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, W. K. (2001). A multilevel examination of the distribution and effects of teacher trust in students and parents in urban elementary schools. The Elementary School Journal, 102(1), 3–17.
Gonta Ganti Nama Pembatasan Corona. (2021). DetikNews. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5650873/gonta-ganti-nama-pembatasan-corona-psbb-ppkm-ppkm-darurat-ppkm-level-3-4
Gradstein, M., & Justman, M. (2000). Human capital, social capital, and public schooling. European Economic Review, 44(4), 879–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(99)00044-6
Handayani, W., Muchlisiniyati, S., & Hardjati, S. (2019). Improving Traditional Market Sustainability in The Industrial 4.0 Era through Impulsive Buying Strategy: A Case in East Java, Indonesia. 8, 10145–11056.
Hayami, Y. (2009). Social Capital, Human Capital and the Community Mechanism: Toward a Conceptual Framework for Economists. The Journal of Development Studies, 45(1), 96–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802468595
Hidayati, B., Yamamoto, N., Kano, H., Suman, A., & Manzilati, A. (2017). Social Capital in Moneylenders Phenomenon in Blimbing Traditional Market Malang Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(3), Article 3. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijefi/issue/32021/354195
Hikmawati, D., & Nuryakin, C. (2017). Keberadaan ritel modern dan dampaknya terhadap pasar tradisional di DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 17(2), 195–208.
Hidayat, M. S., Yasin, A., Sulistiowati, R., Regina, D., & Nugrahanti, T. P. (2023). Green Economy Initiatives in Enhancing Social Solidarity in the Tourism Sector in Coastal Areas. International Journal of Science and Society, 5(1), 232-243.
Hoy, W. K. & Megan Tschannen-Moran. (1999). Five faces of trust: An empirical confirmation in urban elementary schools. Journal of School Leadership, 9.3, 184–208.
Hussain, D. (2022). Islamic social ethics, social work and the common good: Learning from Western contexts. In Exploring Islamic Social Work (pp. 121–136). Springer.
Ihwanudin, N., & Beladiena, A. N. (2020). Filosofi Bisnis Ritel Modern Dalam Perekonomian Islam Di Indonesia. MISYKAT Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Quran Hadist Syari Ah Dan Tarbiyah, 5(2), 35–52.
Iskandar, B. S., Iskandar, J., Mulyanto, D., Alfian, R. L., & Suroso, S. (2021). Traditional market, social relations, and diversity of edible plants traded in Beringharjo Market, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 22(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220453
Jaringan. (2021). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Online. https://kbbi.web.id/jaringan
Kesuma, M. A., & Setiawina, N. D. (2019). Analysis of resistance of traditional storage traders in encounter mini-market competitors in Denpasar city. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n4.631
Khunaivi, A., MD, H., Syahputra, K., & Putri, M. (2023). Program Sedekah Jelantah sebagai Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan Perusahaan dalam Mencapai Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa Ilmu Sosial, Ekonomi, Dan Bisnis Islam (SOSEBI), 3(1), 56-71. https://doi.org/10.21274/sosebi.v3i1.7538
Komara, B. D., Cahyo Bagus Setiawan, & Aries Kurniawan. (2020). Jalan Terjal UMKM dan Pedagang Kecil Bertahan di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 dan Ancaman Krisis Ekonomi Global. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 17.3, 342–359.
Kusnadi. (2000). Nelayan Strategi Adaptasi dan Jaringan Sosial. Humaniora Utama Press.
Mangeswuri, D. R., & Purwanto, N. P. (2010). Revitalisasi Pasar Tradisional di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi & Kebijakan Publik, 1(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v1i2.96
Masruroh, R. (2017). The Impact of Modern Retail Minimarket towards the Continuity of Traditional Retail Businesses. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 180, 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/180/1/012005
Maziyah, R. R. (2014). Peran Modal Sosial Terhadap Eksistensi Pasar Tradisional (Studi Kasus di Pasar Besar Malang). Universitas Brawijaya.
McKnight, D. H., Vivek Choudhury, & Charles Kacmar. (2002). Developing and validating trust measures for e-commerce: An integrative typology. Information Systems Research, 13.3, 334–359.
Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between providers and users of market research: The dynamics of trust within and between organizations. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 314–328.
Najib, M. F., & Sosianika, A. (2017). Retail Service Quality in Indonesia: Traditional Market Vs. Modern Market. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 21(2), 1–12. https://www.proquest.com/openview/3dbcf44512a96b0808aa7ecae644d194/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=38744
Nisa, K. K., & Habib, M. A. F. (2020). Penerapan Corporate Social Responcibility (CSR) di TBBM Pertamina Rewulu sebagai Bentuk Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Journal Sosiologi, 3(2), 65-72.
Nugeraha, P. (2021). Gaya hidup remaja di masa pandemic dan dampaknya terhadap keputusan berkunjung ke ritel modern. SOSIOLOGI: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Ilmu Sosial Dan Budaya, 23(1), 73–85.
Pertiwi, A. (2018). Kebijakan Jarak Ritel Modern dengan Pasar Tradisional Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis. Techno. Com, 17(1), 70–79.
Peursen, C. A. van. (1988). Strategi Kebudayaan. Kanisius.
Poespoprodjo, W. (1986). Filsafat Moral: Kesusilaan dalam Teori dan Praktek. Remadja Karya.
Pramudiana, I. D. (2017). Perubahan perilaku konsumtif masyarakat dari pasar tradisional ke pasar modern. Asketik: Jurnal Agama Dan Perubahan Sosial, 1(1).
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon and schuster.
Rahadi, R. A., Prabowo, F. S. A., & Hapsariniaty, A. W. (2015). Synthesis of Traditional Marketplace Studies in Indonesia. 8.
Rahmawati, D. A., & Tri Kartono, D. (2017). Modal Sosial Dan Pasar Tradisional (Studi Kasus di Pasar Legi Kotagede Yogyakarta). DILEMA, 31.2, 10–19.
Saefudin, Triasih Yustinia Wibawa, & Vicky Rachman. (2013). Menguak Pasar Tradisional Indonesia. Mardi Mulyo.
Sawada, Y., Aida, T., Griffen, A. S., Kozuka, E., Noguchi, H., & Todo, Y. (2022). Democratic institutions and social capital: Experimental evidence on school-Based management from a developing country. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 198, 267–279.
Siswanto, R. (2017). Traditional Market Development Study Based Local Wisdom in Indonesia. Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education, 1(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v1i2.72
Sudarmo, S. (2016). The Implications of Traditional Market Development for Governance of Conflicts: An Experience from Klewer Market of Surakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 7(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2016.045.619-639
Sugito, S., Lubis, A. N., Rini, E. S., & Absah, Y. (2018, September). Influence of reference group indicators to the image of modern retail (case in Indonesia) [MPRA Paper]. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92356/
Susilowati, K. (2019). The Impacts Of Modern Market To Traditional Traders (A Case In Malang City -Indonesia). International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, 2, 38–44.
Syahra, R. (2003). Modal sosial: Konsep dan aplikasi. Jurnal Masyarakat Dan Budaya, 5.1, 1–22.
Triono, R. A., Dalimunthe, Z., & Arif, H. (2018). Can Traditional Retailers Use Strategy To Fight Against Modern Attacks? AFEBI Management and Business Review, 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.47312/ambr.v3i1.128
Triyawan, A. (2018). Analisis Pengaruh Toko Ritel Modern Terhadap Pendapatan Pedagang Tradisional dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam. Falah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 3(1), 1–11.
Westlund, H., & Adam, F. (2010). Social Capital and Economic Performance: A Meta-analysis of 65 Studies. European Planning Studies, 18(6), 893–919. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654311003701431
Wijaya, A. & Anthony Japutra. (2020). Kualitas layanan dalam industri retail modern. Journal Community Development and Society, 2(2), 98–108.
Woolcock, M. (1998)., Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework, Theory and Society, 27 (1), p. 151-208.
Yudistira, F. (2017). Creative Strategy for Creating Public Space for Creative Tourism (Case: Pasar Kaget at Sunda Kelapa Mosque). In C. Silver, L. Marques, H. Hanan, & I. Widiastuti (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Arte-Polis (pp. 41–50). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5481-55
Yusfiarto, R., Pambekti, G. T., Setiawan, A., Khoirunnisa, A. N., & Nugraha, S. S. (2022). Does Islamic Social Capital Enhance SMEs Sustainable Performance? Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 8(1), 113–132.
The author has full rights to the articles that has been sent to An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah. The author is responsible for the originality of the articles and all the references used in the journal script.
