HALAL SEBAGAI ETIKA PUBLIK: Refleksi Filsafat Maqasid Al-Shar’ah dalam Tata Kelola Ekonomi Halal Global

Tommy Maolana; Nur Fatwa; Thobib Al-Asyhar

doi:10.21274/ar-rehla.v6i1.11978

Authors

Tommy Maolana Universitas Indonesia
Nur Fatwa Universitas Indonesia
Thobib Al-Asyhar Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21274/ar-rehla.v6i1.11978

Keywords:

Etika Publik, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah, Ekonomi Halal Global, Perlindungan Konsumen, Industri Halal

Abstract

Abstrak: Globalisasi ekonomi membentuk pola konsumsi masyarakat Muslim sekaligus memperluas interaksi perdagangan lintas negara, sehingga konsep halal bertransformasi dari praktik ibadah individual menjadi etika publik dan tata kelola ekonomi. Artikel ini bertujuan merefleksikan halal sebagai etika publik serta menjelaskan perannya dalam ekonomi global melalui perspektif maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kepustakaan kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa korpus literatur akademik, buku, dan artikel ilmiah tentang maqāṣid, etika ekonomi, dan industri halal yang diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria relevansi dan kredibilitas. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis konseptual dan refleksi filosofis terhadap kerangka maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa halal berfungsi sebagai moral economy yang mengatur relasi produsen, konsumen, dan pasar melalui prinsip tanggung jawab moral, kejujuran, dan kepercayaan. Dalam ekonomi global yang dominan dengan rasionalitas efisiensi dan liberalisasi, nilai halal terancam mereduksi menjadi standar teknis semata. Namun, perspektif maqāṣid mempertegas bahwa halal memiliki fungsi strategis sebagai mekanisme perlindungan konsumen, pembangun kepercayaan sosial, dan fondasi etika transaksi. Oleh karena itu, integrasi nilai halal dalam sistem ekonomi global bukanlah hambatan perdagangan, melainkan pilar sistem ekonomi berkeadilan dan berorientasi kemaslahatan.

Kata Kunci: Etika Publik; Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah; Ekonomi Halal Global; Perlindungan Konsumen; Industri Halal.

Abstract: Economic globalization has shaped the consumption patterns of Muslim societies while simultaneously expanding cross-border trade interactions, thus transforming the concept of halal from an individual religious practice into public ethics and economic governance. This article aims to reflect on halal as public ethics and to elucidate its role in the global economy through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. This research employs a qualitative library study, utilizing academic literature, books, and scholarly articles on maqāṣid, economic ethics, and the halal industry as data sources, selected based on relevance and credibility criteria. The analysis was conducted using conceptual analysis and philosophical reflection on the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah framework. The findings reveal that halal functions as a moral economy that governs the relationships between producers, consumers, and markets through the principles of moral responsibility, honesty, and trust. In a global economy dominated by the rationalities of efficiency and trade liberalization, halal values face the threat of reduction to mere technical standards. However, the maqāṣid perspective reaffirms that halal holds strategic functions as a consumer protection mechanism, a builder of social trust, and a foundation for transactional ethics. Therefore, integrating halal values into the global economic system should not be viewed as a trade barrier, but rather as a cornerstone for establishing a just and welfare-oriented economic system.

Keywords: Public Ethics; Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah; Global Halal Economy; Consumer Protection; Halal Industry.

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