PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI MASYARAKAT ADAT DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN KEPARIWISATAAN PASCA PERUBAHAN UNDANG-UNDANG PARIWISATA PADA TAHUN 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21274/ar-rehla.v6i1.12125Keywords:
pemenuhan hak, masyarakat adat, kepariwisataanAbstract
Abstract: The amendment to the Tourism Law in 2025 changes the construction of rights holders, which were initially specifically for the community in and around the destination, to every citizen. This construction opens the hypothesis that the fulfillment of the rights of indigenous peoples in and around the destination will be affected. The purpose of the research is to analyze legal protection for indigenous peoples after the amendment of the Tourism Law in 2025. Using normative legal research methods, this study states that the Regional Government Decree on the recognition of the legal status of indigenous peoples is a determinant of the fulfillment of indigenous peoples' rights in general. Using the Correlative-Opposite approach of Hohfeld's legal rights, Article 24, Article 25 and Article 26 of the 2025 Tourism Law have clearly constructed the relationship between Duty and Claim-right but require contextual reasons and other legal basis so that the obligations of tourism entrepreneurs can be demanded by indigenous communities. Article 11G creates a setback in the fulfillment of indigenous peoples' rights because it uses a priority opportunity approach instead of a rights-based approach. A number of other articles place the community as a liberty and procedural power, strong claim-rights only for every citizen who is a tourist (Article 19a), immunity that protects indigenous peoples has not been adequately regulated. In general, the construction of the 2025 Tourism Law on Tourism emphasizes participation and empowerment rather than claim-rights for the protection of indigenous peoples from the impact of tourism implementation.
Keywords: fulfillment of rights; indigenous peoples; tourism
Abstract: Perubahan UU Kepariwisataan pada tahun 2025 mengubah konstruksi pemegang hak yang awalnya khusus Masyarakat didalam dan disekitar destinasi, menjadi setiap warga negara. Konstruksi ini membuka hipotesis bahwa pemenuhan hak masyarakat adat didalam dan sekitar destinasi akan terdampak. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi masyarakat adat pasca perubahan UU Kepariwisataan tahun 2025. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, penelitian ini mengemukakan bahwa SK Pemerintah Daerah tentang pengakuan status hukum masyarakat adat merupakan penentu pemenuhan hak masyarakat adat secara umum. Menggunakan pendekatan Correlative-Opposite hak hukum Hohfeld, Pasal 24, Pasal 25 dan Pasal 26 UU Kepariwisataan 2025 sudah secara jelas membentuk relasi Duty dan Claim-right tapi membutuhkan alasan kontekstual dan dasar hukum lain agar kewajiban pengusaha pariwisata dapat dituntut oleh masyarakat adat. Pasal 11G menciptakan kemunduran pemenuhan hak masyarakat adat karena mengunakan pendekatan kesempatan prioritas bukan pendekatan berbasis hak. Sejumlah pasal lain lebih banyak menempatkan masyarakat sebagai liberty dan procedural power, claim-right yang kuat hanya untuk setiap warga negara yang berkedudukan sebagai wisatawan (Pasal 19a), immunity yang bersifat melindungi masyarakat adat belum memperoleh pengaturan yang memadai. Secara umum, konstruksi UU Kepariwisataan 2025 tentang Kepariwisataan lebih menonjolkan partisipasi dan pemberdayaan dari pada claim-right bagi perlindungan masyarakat adat dari dampak penyelenggaraan kepariwisataan.
Keywords: pemenuhan hak; masyarakat adat; kepariwisataan
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